从Hello World 开始吧

title-image

1. 基础知识说明

2. 准备工作

3. 环境搭建

3.1 安装nasm汇编编译器

1	sudo apt-get install nasm

3.2 安装bochs软驱虚拟环境

mkdir kernel
cd kernel
wget http://nchc.dl.sourceforge.net/project/bochs/bochs/2.4.5/bochs-2.4.5.tar.gz 
sudo tar zxvf bochs-2.4.5.tar.gz
sudo apt-get install build-essential g++ xorg-dev libgtk2.0-dev # 准备各种编译环境
cd bochs-2.4.5/
sudo ./configure --enable-debugger --enable-disasm --with-x11
sudo make
sudo vim MakeFile 
# 找到LIBS属性,添加内容如下
LIBS = -lrt -lpthread -lm -lgtk-x11-2.0 -lgdk-x11-2.0 -latk-1.0 -lgio-2.0 -lpangoft2-1.0 -lpangocairo-1.0 -lgdk_pixbuf-2.0 -lcairo -lpango-1.0 -lfontconfig -lgobject-2.0 -lglib-2.0 -lfreetype
sudo make install

3.3 创建软盘映像

1	bximage->fd->1.44->a.img # 分别在命令行中输入左边的内容, 成功后在当前文件夹下创建了a.img文件

4. coding

4.1 输入操作系统的代码vim boot.asm #TODO 需要加入注释

        org     07c00h
        mov     ax,cs
        mov     ds,ax
        mov     es,ax
        call    DispStr
        jmp     $
DispStr:
        mov     ax, BootMessage
        mov     bp,ax
        mov     cx,16
        mov     ax,01301h
        mov     bx,000ch
        mov     dl,0
        int     10h
        ret
BootMessage:            db      "Hello, My OS!"
times   510-($-$$)      db      0
dw      0xaa55

4.2 编译

1	nasm boot.asm -o boot.in

4.3 写入软盘

1	dd if=boot.bin of=a.img bs=512 count=1 conv=notrunc

4.4 配置bochs : vim bootsrc

Configuration file for Bochs
#how much memory the emulated machine will have
 megs: 32
#filename of ROM images
 romimage: file=/usr/local/share/bochs/BIOS-bochs-latest 
 vgaromimage: file=/usr/local/share/bochs/VGABIOS-lgpl-latest
#what disk images will be used, 注意路径不要写错
 floppya: 1_44=a.img, status=inserted
#choose the boot disk.
 boot: floppy
#where do we send log messages?
#log: bochsout.txt
#disable the mouse
 mouse: enabled=0
#enable key mapping, using US layout as default.
 keyboard_mapping: enabled=1, map=/usr/local/share/bochs/keymaps/x11-pc-us.map #/usr/share/bochs/keymaps/x11-pc-us.map

5. 测试

5.1 运行 sudo bochs -f bochsrc

shengl@xiaobei:~/kernel/bochs-2.4.6$ sudo bochs -f bochsrc 
                       Bochs x86 Emulator 2.4.6
             Build from CVS snapshot, on February 22, 2011
                   Compiled at Jan 28 2015, 17:10:29
========================================================================
00000000000i[     ] reading configuration from bochsrc
------------------------------
Bochs Configuration: Main Menu
------------------------------

This is the Bochs Configuration Interface, where you can describe the
machine that you want to simulate.  Bochs has already searched for a
configuration file (typically called bochsrc.txt) and loaded it if it
could be found.  When you are satisfied with the configuration, go
ahead and start the simulation.

You can also start bochs with the -q option to skip these menus.

1. Restore factory default configuration
2. Read options from...
3. Edit options
4. Save options to...
5. Restore the Bochs state from...
6. Begin simulation
7. Quit now

Please choose one: [6] 2  # 注意此处要选择2, 然后使用你当时配置的文件 bochsrc
00000000000i[     ] Screen mode changed to none

What is the configuration file name?
To cancel, type 'none'. [.bochsrc] bochsrc
00000000000i[     ] reading configuration from bochsrc
------------------------------
Bochs Configuration: Main Menu
------------------------------

This is the Bochs Configuration Interface, where you can describe the
machine that you want to simulate.  Bochs has already searched for a
configuration file (typically called bochsrc.txt) and loaded it if it
could be found.  When you are satisfied with the configuration, go
ahead and start the simulation.

You can also start bochs with the -q option to skip these menus.

1. Restore factory default configuration
2. Read options from...
3. Edit options
4. Save options to...
5. Restore the Bochs state from...
6. Begin simulation
7. Quit now

Please choose one: [6] 6  # 此处开始正式运行!
00000000000i[     ] installing x module as the Bochs GUI
00000000000i[     ] Bochs x86 Emulator 2.4.6
00000000000i[     ]   Build from CVS snapshot, on February 22, 2011
00000000000i[     ] Compiled at Jan 28 2015, 17:10:29
00000000000i[     ] System configuration
00000000000i[     ]   processors: 1 (cores=1, HT threads=1)
00000000000i[     ]   A20 line support: yes
00000000000i[     ] CPU configuration
00000000000i[     ]   level: 6
00000000000i[     ]   SMP support: no
00000000000i[     ]   APIC support: yes
00000000000i[     ]   FPU support: yes
00000000000i[     ]   MMX support: yes
00000000000i[     ]   3dnow! support: no
00000000000i[     ]   SEP support: yes
00000000000i[     ]   SSE support: sse2
00000000000i[     ]   XSAVE support: no
00000000000i[     ]   AES support: no
00000000000i[     ]   MOVBE support: no
00000000000i[     ]   x86-64 support: no
00000000000i[     ]   VMX support: no
00000000000i[     ] Optimization configuration
00000000000i[     ]   RepeatSpeedups support: no
00000000000i[     ]   Trace cache support: no
00000000000i[     ]   Fast function calls: no
00000000000i[     ] Devices configuration
00000000000i[     ]   ACPI support: no
00000000000i[     ]   NE2000 support: no
00000000000i[     ]   PCI support: no, enabled=no
00000000000i[     ]   SB16 support: no
00000000000i[     ]   USB support: no
00000000000i[     ]   VGA extension support: vbe 
00000000000i[MEM0 ] allocated memory at 0x7f96582ef010. after alignment, vector=0x7f96582f0000
00000000000i[MEM0 ] 32.00MB
00000000000i[MEM0 ] mem block size = 0x00100000, blocks=32
00000000000i[MEM0 ] rom at 0xfffe0000/131072 ('/usr/local/share/bochs/BIOS-bochs-latest')
00000000000i[MEM0 ] rom at 0xc0000/40448 ('/usr/local/share/bochs/VGABIOS-lgpl-latest')
00000000000i[CMOS ] Using local time for initial clock
00000000000i[CMOS ] Setting initial clock to: Wed Jan 28 20:03:43 2015 (time0=1422446623)
00000000000i[DMA  ] channel 4 used by cascade
00000000000i[DMA  ] channel 2 used by Floppy Drive
00000000000i[FDD  ] fd0: 'a.img' ro=0, h=2,t=80,spt=18
00000000000i[VGA  ] interval=50000
00000000000i[MEM0 ] Register memory access handlers: 0x00000000000a0000 - 0x00000000000bffff
00000000000i[XGUI ] test_alloc_colors: 16 colors available out of 16 colors tried
00000000000i[XGUI ] font 8 wide x 16 high, display depth = 24
00000000000i[KMAP ] Loading keymap from '/usr/local/share/bochs/keymaps/x11-pc-us.map'
00000000000i[KMAP ] Loaded 168 symbols
00000000000i[MEM0 ] Register memory access handlers: 0x00000000e0000000 - 0x00000000e0ffffff
00000000000i[VGA  ] VBE Bochs Display Extension Enabled
00000000000i[     ] init_dev of 'unmapped' plugin device by virtual method
00000000000i[     ] init_dev of 'biosdev' plugin device by virtual method
00000000000i[     ] init_dev of 'speaker' plugin device by virtual method
00000000000i[SPEAK] Open /dev/console successfully
00000000000i[     ] init_dev of 'extfpuirq' plugin device by virtual method
00000000000i[     ] init_dev of 'iodebug' plugin device by virtual method
00000000000i[     ] init_dev of 'ioapic' plugin device by virtual method
00000000000i[IOAP ] initializing I/O APIC
00000000000i[MEM0 ] Register memory access handlers: 0x00000000fec00000 - 0x00000000fec00fff
00000000000i[     ] init_dev of 'keyboard' plugin device by virtual method
00000000000i[KBD  ] will paste characters every 1000 keyboard ticks
00000000000i[     ] init_dev of 'harddrv' plugin device by virtual method
00000000000i[HD   ] Using boot sequence floppy, none, none
00000000000i[HD   ] Floppy boot signature check is enabled
00000000000i[     ] init_dev of 'serial' plugin device by virtual method
00000000000i[SER  ] com1 at 0x03f8 irq 4
00000000000i[     ] init_dev of 'parallel' plugin device by virtual method
00000000000i[PAR  ] parallel port 1 at 0x0378 irq 7
00000000000i[     ] register state of 'unmapped' plugin device by virtual method
00000000000i[     ] register state of 'biosdev' plugin device by virtual method
00000000000i[     ] register state of 'speaker' plugin device by virtual method
00000000000i[     ] register state of 'extfpuirq' plugin device by virtual method
00000000000i[     ] register state of 'iodebug' plugin device by virtual method
00000000000i[     ] register state of 'ioapic' plugin device by virtual method
00000000000i[     ] register state of 'keyboard' plugin device by virtual method
00000000000i[     ] register state of 'harddrv' plugin device by virtual method
00000000000i[     ] register state of 'serial' plugin device by virtual method
00000000000i[     ] register state of 'parallel' plugin device by virtual method
00000000000i[SYS  ] bx_pc_system_c::Reset(HARDWARE) called
00000000000i[CPU0 ] cpu hardware reset
00000000000i[APIC0] allocate APIC id=0 (MMIO enabled) to 0x00000000fee00000
00000000000i[CPU0 ] CPUID[0x00000000]: 00000003 756e6547 6c65746e 49656e69
00000000000i[CPU0 ] CPUID[0x00000001]: 00000f03 00000800 00000000 07cbfbff
00000000000i[CPU0 ] CPUID[0x00000002]: 00410601 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000000000i[CPU0 ] CPUID[0x00000003]: 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000000000i[CPU0 ] CPUID[0x00000004]: 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000000000i[CPU0 ] CPUID[0x00000007]: 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000000000i[CPU0 ] CPUID[0x80000000]: 80000004 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000000000i[CPU0 ] CPUID[0x80000001]: 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000000000i[CPU0 ] CPUID[0x80000002]: 20202020 20202020 20202020 6e492020
00000000000i[CPU0 ] CPUID[0x80000003]: 286c6574 50202952 69746e65 52286d75
00000000000i[CPU0 ] CPUID[0x80000004]: 20342029 20555043 20202020 00202020
00000000000i[     ] reset of 'unmapped' plugin device by virtual method
00000000000i[     ] reset of 'biosdev' plugin device by virtual method
00000000000i[     ] reset of 'speaker' plugin device by virtual method
00000000000i[     ] reset of 'extfpuirq' plugin device by virtual method
00000000000i[     ] reset of 'iodebug' plugin device by virtual method
00000000000i[     ] reset of 'ioapic' plugin device by virtual method
00000000000i[     ] reset of 'keyboard' plugin device by virtual method
00000000000i[     ] reset of 'harddrv' plugin device by virtual method
00000000000i[     ] reset of 'serial' plugin device by virtual method
00000000000i[     ] reset of 'parallel' plugin device by virtual method
00000000000i[XGUI ] [x] Mouse off
00000000000i[     ] set SIGINT handler to bx_debug_ctrlc_handler
Next at t=0
(0) [0x00000000fffffff0] f000:fff0 (unk. ctxt): jmp far f000:e05b         ; ea5be000f0
<bochs:1> c
00000003305i[BIOS ] $Revision: 1.257 $ $Date: 2011/01/26 09:52:02 $
00000319075i[KBD  ] reset-disable command received
00000445795i[VBIOS] VGABios $Id: vgabios.c,v 1.69 2009/04/07 18:18:20 vruppert Exp $
00000445866i[VGA  ] VBE known Display Interface b0c0
00000445898i[VGA  ] VBE known Display Interface b0c5
00000448823i[VBIOS] VBE Bios $Id: vbe.c,v 1.62 2009/01/25 15:46:25 vruppert Exp $
00000600000i[XGUI ] charmap update. Font Height is 16
00000761512i[BIOS ] Starting rombios32
00000762009i[BIOS ] Shutdown flag 0
00000762690i[BIOS ] ram_size=0x02000000
00000763168i[BIOS ] ram_end=32MB
00000803776i[BIOS ] Found 1 cpu(s)
00000822763i[BIOS ] bios_table_addr: 0x000fb928 end=0x000fcc00
00000835440i[BIOS ] bios_table_cur_addr: 0x000fb928
00012943044i[BIOS ] Booting from 0000:7c00

5.2 效果如标题图所示

6. 常见问题 TODO

本文标题:1-自己动手写操作系统

文章作者:盛领

发布时间:2015年01月28日 - 14:55:41

原始链接:http://blog.xiaoyuyu.net/post/a45f15f8.html

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